An active hunter in Hokkaido was thrown into another world.

If you snipe with a real gun, you'll get all yard pounds.

Calculating the kinetic energy and adjusting the scope all with one hand in the calculator is hard. Let's take a look at the formula. I can manage high school math, physics, and function calculators without having to use a computer.

●Distance

Since all guns are American standards, catalog values and distances at overseas sites are often expressed in yard pounds. The units are inches, feet, and yards.

1 inch = 0.0254 m (25.4 mm)

1 ft (ft) = 12 in = 0.3048 m

1 yard (yd) = 3 ft = 0.9144 m

If you see 200 yd on the rangefinder, the meter conversion is

200 yd × 0.9144 = 182.88m

In the case of dark calculation, it is generally sufficient to subtract one-tenth of 200 yd, and thus an approximate value can be obtained even if 200-20 = 180 m.

If the calibre is 30, the calibre is in inches.

0.30 × 25.4mm = 7.62mm

Conversely, if you have a millimeter notation like 5.56 mm Nato,

5.56 ÷ 25.4 mm = 0.219 in.

Aren't you a 223 caliber? As you may think, the rifle caliber of 5.56 mm is the diameter of the rifle ring (convex), and 223 inches is the valley diameter (concave).

Whether it's a rifle or a pistol, the calibre of ammunition is represented by the valley diameter of the rifle ring, or by the diameter of the mountain is fragmented. Probably in order to distinguish cases where the shape of the bulkhead is different even with the same caliber.

Use inches to catalogue the size of the gun and yards to show the range of fire. When Americans call a meter, they pronounce it "meter."

●Weight

Gun weights and parts weigh in pounds (lb), which is 453.5924 grams (g).

If the gun catalog value says weight: 5.5lb,

5.5lb × 453.6 = 2494.8g dignified 2.5kg.

Scope and other weights are also expressed in small units of ounces (oz).

One pound (lb) is 16 ounces (oz).

453.5924 ÷ 16 = 28.349525g, so one ounce is about 28g.

If the weight of the scope is written as 18 oz in the catalog value,

18 × 28 = 504g weight.

Particularly troublesome is the grain (gr) used for bullet weight and gunpowder, which is 7000 gr per pound. Grain is based on the weight of a grain of wheat.

g (grams) and gr (grain) are completely different units. If you are not careful, it will be an accident.

1 grain = 0.064799 grams.

If the gunpowder weighs 25 grains,

25 × 0.064799 = 1.619975g crucible 1.62g

. The amount of gunpowder is specified in grain when reloading the hand, so please make sure to use a domestic weight meter. Otherwise, it may cause an explosion or bullet jam.

●Bullet Speed

Bullet speed is expressed in ft/s or fps (feet per second).

Even though the range of fire was yd, the speed was ft. Everyone in North America doesn't care if the yard-pound method, where the speed of a ship or an airplane is 1852 miles (knots), the speed and distance of a car is 1609.344 miles (miles), and the altitude of an airplane is 100 feet, can be done. Strange. I would like to thank France for producing the metric system.

1 ft/s is 0.3048 m/s (meters per second), so if it's labeled 1200 fps,

1200 × 0.3048 = 365.76 m/s is the bullet velocity.

●Bullet Energy

The energy notation of bullets is also expressed in ft · lb and ft.weight pounds, rather than J (joules) used in Japan.

1 ft · lb is 1.35582J, so if the bullet energy is marked as 35 ft · lb,

35 × 1.35582 = 47.4537J.

In the gun catalogue, ft · lb is written as ft · lbs or ft · lbf is written in pieces. It may mean a little bit differently, but I want you to unify it properly like the metric system.

●Bullet Speed and Energy

If you know the bullet weight and initial velocity, you can calculate the energy.

If the bullet weighs 23 gr (grain),

23 gr x 0.064799 = 1.490377 grams

With a bullet velocity of 720 fps (feet per second),

720 × 0.3048 = 219.456m/s

The energy is

(1/2) × (1.490377/1000) × 219.456 ^ 2 = 35.889J (Joule)

This energy is expressed in ft · lb.

35.889 ÷ 1.35582 = 26.47ft · lb.

If you know the projectile energy and bullet weight, you can calculate the bullet velocity (initial velocity) roughly inversely.

If the energy of the air rifle at the catalog value is 35 ft · lb and the pellet weight is 18 grains,

Energy 35ft · lb × 1.356 = 47.46J

Bullet Weight 18gr x 0.064799 = 1.166g

√ (energy × 2 ÷ (bullet weight g ÷ 1000))

√ (47.46 × 2 ÷ (1.166 ÷ 1000)) = 285.31 m/s.

For example, with an air rifle, if you use a 16-grain light pellet that wants to speed things up to reduce the drop of a bullet,

Bullet Weight 16gr x 0.064799 = 1.037g

√ (47.46 × 2 ÷ (1.037 ÷ 1000)) = 302.54 m/s.

According to actual measurements by the Chrony magazine in overseas videos, the bullet velocity of the actual shot will be somewhat slower from such calculations. After all, the most reliable value is the actual measured value, and it remains the same as the test. But if you change the pellets, of course the ballistics will change, so it's a good idea to do a little calculation.

In the charge rifle, the ammo packages are printed with bullet speeds and ballistics.

●Pressure

The pressure gauge will be viewed when the precharge air rifle is filled with air.

Typically, about 180 to 200 bar will be filled with air, but the pressure gauges of the pump and the air rifle also differ in this pressure display, so caution is necessary.

The psi in the manometer is the pound per square inch (lbf/in ^ 2).

Bar (or atm) is at atmospheric pressure. For both pressure gauges described, it is sufficient to put in at bar.

One atmosphere is 14.69595 psi, so if you want to add 200 atm,

200 × 14.69595 = 2939 psi, slightly less than 3000 psi. In overseas videos, foreigners don't care much about this area, so they often put in up to 3000 psi.

By the way, the international standard kilopascal (kPa) is 1 atm = 1 atm = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa.

Adjust ●Scope

Scope turret has 1 click: 100 yd-1/4 inch

or 1 click = 1/4 MOA.

Now you can see how much the sniper moves with a single click.

If you move a quarter of an inch at 100 yards,

At a distance of 100 yd × 0.9144 = 91.44 m, 1 inch 0.0254 m ÷ 4 = 0.00635 m.

If set to an angle, Atan (0.00635 ÷ 91.44) = 0.0039789 ° angle.

1/4 MOA is a unit of angle, which is an additional quarter of one sixtieth of a degree (Minute of Angle).

1 ÷ 60 ÷ 4 = 0.0041667 ° angle.

Although there is some error, in short, the amount of movement by these two notation methods is practically the same. This means that the same scope is printed and sold in MOA for Europe and yd-in for North America.

Like Nikon, the Japanese style of writing is 100 m-1 click 7 mm, which is very easy to understand, but if you calculate this as well,

Atan (0.007 ÷ 100) = 0.00401 °, which means that the movement amount is essentially the same as the yd-in, MOA, or the like. The amount of movement with a single "click" is actually the same for all scopes of any manufacturer.

Because the movement amount of the angle is the movement amount, the movement amount varies depending on the distance.

If you remember that it moves 7 mm with a single "click" at 100 m, like Nikon, where it is easy to remember, for example, if the distance is 300 m,

7 mm ÷ 100 m × 300 = 21 mm

This means that the 21 mm sniper point moves at 300 m with a single "click".

If we missed the 150mm mark with one shot,

It can be seen that it is sufficient to click around 150 mm/21 mm ⁴ 7.

In the main text, at the shooting tournament of the Friends of the Hunter Club, there is an episode in which Xin teaches senior● hunters with a sasha and calculator to "●click up, click right", but the author is also doing the same.

In recent years, in scopes with a mill dot display (scale) on the reticle,

Some have an adjustment range of 1 click = 1/10 Mill. This is very easy to understand if you look at the scope and see that the impact deviates by 1 mill, then it is 10 clicks.

In addition, there are scopes with even finer adjustment widths, such as 1/8 MOA and 100 yd-1/8 inch per click for long-range shooting.

Calculation of● mill dots

It is a mill dot that came out many times when talking about the scope, but the scale cut into the crosshairs of the scope is a mill. This is 1 mill wide at 1000 m, and 5 mill wide at 1000 m.

So when the 50-cm-long Hassiboso glass appeared to be 8 mill,

0.5 m × 1000 ÷ 8 = 62.5 m.

To measure the distance, you must know the full length of the prey. For reference,

Hydrangea 28cm

Kijibat 33cm

Hassiboso Glass 50cm

Hassibut Glass 57cm

Surface mallard torso length 50 cm

Fox (excluding tail) 70 cm

Ezo Shika (Shoulder Height) 1.2m

Higuma (head and torso length) about 2 m

Of course, please note that there are individual differences.

Conversely, if a vehicle 500 meters away appears to be 12 mill,

500 ÷ 1000 × 12 = 6 m in length.

Incidentally, when the impact is 1 mill off in scope, the click amount of the adjustment dial is 14 clicks in the general 1 click = 1/4 MOA scope. Of course, if it is 0.5 mill, it is 7 clicks, and if it is 2 mill, it is 28 clicks. Both are angular, so the distance is irrelevant.

Distance measurement by mill dots is common, but the error is large. After all, the best way to do this is to buy a laser meter at the golf supplies corner of the sports shop. For about 20,000 yen, you can properly measure pigeons, deer, foxes, and crows. Some people may think that a red laser beam is emitted from the laser meter, but in fact, it is an invisible weak power laser, so it is hardly noticed.