Holy Roman Empire

Constantinople

The Russian representative Alexander Mishkov, who lost face at the negotiating table, quickly found it back, but the method was somewhat unsightly.

On April 2, 1851, Mainshkov visited Sudan and, in a very domineering tone, ordered the Sudanese government to remove the pro-British and French foreign minister, Fuad, and be replaced by the pro-Russian Rifat.

Facts have proved that brutal methods are often the most direct and effective. The pressure of the Russians made the Sudanese government compromise.

Mainshkov told the world with practical actions, who is the boss in the Near East.Politicians from all countries collectively lost their voices, and anyone who is not following the rules will feel a headache.

The face-scarred Britain and France will naturally not be willing to fail, but in the Near East, their two countries have no way of speaking with the Russians, even lower than Austria.

Waiting for them to take action, Mainshkov also submitted a diplomatic note to the Sudanese government, accusing the Sudanese government of unfair treatment of the Orthodox Church, requiring the two countries to sign an agreement for the Russian government to manage the Orthodox Christians, and the Ottoman government must not interfere in the Orthodox Church ’s affairs. .

Unfair treatment is inevitable. In fact, the Sudanese government has relaxed religious policies in this era in an attempt to eliminate religious conflicts in the country.

Unfortunately, this contradiction has continued since the establishment of the Ottoman Empire.It ca n’t be solved with a government decree, and the Russians ’involvement has made the situation even more chaotic.

… (Specific religious issues, 10,000 words omitted)

The demands of the Russians have touched the bottom line of the Ottoman Empire.If this condition is agreed, it means that more than one third of the population will be given to the Russians for management.

Britain and France can't bear the Russians' expansion of sphere of influence. At this time, the British have realized that war is inevitable.

London

After passing back the Constantinople negotiations, the British government was thinking about how to make choices in the following Russian-Turkish war.

Foreign Secretary Palmerston thought for a while and said, "His Excellency, to suppress the ambitions of the Russians, it is not enough to win over the French. We must have Austrian support.

When necessary, we can organize European coalition forces and join forces to curb the Russian ambitions."

John Russell shook his head and said, "Mr. Palmerston, the issue of organizing coalition forces is set aside for now, and we all know that things are not that simple.

On the issue of Russia, European countries have different attitudes, and many countries have no pain in their skin. It is almost impossible to want them to work together against the Russians.

You still have to talk about the issue of how to win over Austria. If we can bring them together and join forces of the three countries, we can suppress the Russians in the Near East."

Palmerston analyzed: "The intelligence sent back from Constantinople shows that the Russians and Austria have reached a compromise, and the specific conditions are not yet clear to us.

Now that the Russians have recognized Austria's sphere of influence in the Balkans, in return, Austria also supports the Russians' ambitions for the Ottoman Empire.

This compromise does not mean that the contradictions between the two countries on the Balkans issue no longer exist, but is temporarily suppressed by the common interests.

With Russian appetite, even if the two countries reach an agreement, they will eventually break up because of conflicts of interest.The Austrian government cannot ignore these problems.

The old fox of Metternich will be on the side of the Russians this time, also marking a change in the national policy of the Austrian government.

It seems that the collapse of the Vienna system hit the Austrians a lot, and now they are no longer seeking extravagant European balance.In this respect, we have lost an ally in the European policy.

To be a neighbor with the Russians, to stay awake all the time, to take a nap means danger, and now the Austrian government is ready to lead the disaster.

The division of the Balkans is just the apparent reason.More often, the Austrian government felt threatened and was reluctant to continue to bear the responsibility of blocking the Russians.

Wanting to hold the Russians by provoking the Russo-Turkish war and gaining time for domestic development, expansion in the Balkans is just incidental."

By this time, the London government had regretted the collapse of the Vienna system.After the collapse of the Vienna system, they could indeed get rid of restrictions and intervene in European affairs, but the results were not satisfactory.

From the beginning of supporting the Kingdom of Sardinia to the present crisis in the Near East, the London government has hardly achieved decent results in diplomacy.

Now the situation in Europe has become more complicated, involving a lot of energy.On the contrary, as in the era of the Vienna system, the European continent is balanced and stable, and they can rest assured to expand their power overseas.

In this respect, the Vienna system also achieved the dominance of the British Empire.

The Secretary of State asked in doubt: "Mr. Palmerston, according to your judgment, is it impossible for us to win over Austria?"

The Austrian Empire has always been on the front line of anti-Russia, the two countries have not become enemies, and the diplomatic capabilities of the Habsburg family can be seen.

Such confrontation is obviously not conducive to the development and growth of Austria.The energies of the government are exhausted by neighbors. Where else can we develop ourselves?

Before the collapse of the Vienna system, the Austrian government had asked the British for help, asking the London government to pay to maintain the system, which was rejected by the government at that time.

The British's original proposal was to let the Austrian government carry out social reforms and wait for the completion of social reforms to make money.

Facts have proved that after the completion of social reforms, it is indeed possible to reverse the fiscal predicament.However, the current Austrian government is no longer interested in the Vienna system.

I worked hard for the European balance, but the biggest beneficiary of the system was making a lot of money on the side, and no one would rest on my mind.

After thinking about it, Palmerston replied: "It depends on the Russians. If they can make the Austrian government feel threatened, then we can draw Austria."

This is also true in history. Austrian rebellion is not because of the interest temptation of Britain and France, nor the conflict of interests of the Russian-Australian Danube basin. The most important thing is to feel the threat.

For its own strategic security, it is normal to betray allies.Even if he changed Franz, when the Russians showed too much strength to threaten Austria, he would choose to jump back.

The same is true of the Russians. If Austria is too strong to threaten them, it will still become an enemy.

...

Since the passage of the military expansion bill, Austria has set off a wave of military participation.The temptation of land is huge, especially after the heroes of the last war, after they got the land to become role models.

The soldiers who joined the army last time had better luck, and they all had a good chance from the beginning to the end. They didn't realize the cruelty of the war.Even if it is cruel, it is for the enemy.

This time, the military expansion and preparations for the war meant that he would directly fight the Ottoman Empire.If it was two hundred years ago, to attack the Ottoman Empire, everyone ’s first reaction was definitely fear, and now everyone ’s eyes are left with war.

Who let the Ottoman Empire decline?Austria and Russia join forces, can't win Ottoman?

The risks are small and the returns are generous, which naturally makes people rush.

Not to mention ordinary people, even the nobles are trying their best to enter the army to serve in the war, and everyone is destined to win the war.

This kind of opportunity is not easy to encounter. I missed this opportunity and I don't know when it will be the next foreign war.

In front of the recruiting point, there were already long queues.The idea of ​​"giving credit but taking it right away" is very popular in continental Europe.

In this era, it is the best shortcut to stand out and make military achievements on the battlefield.Especially for the people at the bottom, this is almost their only way to a high society.

In the last war, many reserve officers and soldiers also shined. In the eyes of many people, even if they cannot enter the regular army, it is a good choice to enter the reserve.

The military status of Austria is very high, even if it is a reserve soldier, it is very respected.

A young military officer looked at the long line and sighed, "There are many people coming today. It seems that our recruitment standards may be improved."

A middle-aged military officer next to him gave him a dissatisfied glance and said, "Wellston, you are less sentimental, and just organized a test for me.

Remember that this time I will give priority to admission in Austrian language, so I do n’t have to get training after the troops."

"Yes, major!" Wellston replied immediately.

Austria has not introduced a clear language exclusion bill, but government, military, business and other institutions, everyone tacitly admits to the use of Austrian language.

In folk tongues, it says: "You can't speak any language, do you want me to have a translator for you?"

This is the most realistic problem. Languages ​​are not common and communication is the same. After the birth of society, finding a job becomes the first problem.

Even nationalists have to accept this social reality.It is already difficult to find a job without learning Austrian.

Want preferential treatment?Sorry, the employment agency in Austria has the right to freely choose the talents it needs, and the government must not arbitrarily intervene.

After three years of promotion, although the Austrian language has not achieved universal popularization, most people in the city have mastered the common language.

Now this scene can be seen in many areas of Austria.In order to do this, the Austrian government has also paid a considerable price.

Especially when it was first launched, it was also resisted by many nationalists.Unfortunately, they were unlucky and happened to catch up with the Great Revolution, and those who made trouble were harmonized.

What angered them the most was that after the Austrian government reversed its actions, not only did it not arouse public outrage, but the situation in the country improved quickly.

Up to now, all schools in Austria are mainly Austrian, and other languages ​​are almost the same as foreign languages. They are optional courses and paid elective courses.

Everyone is realistic. If you do n’t take the college entrance examination, you do n’t need to find a job. You have to pay extra for learning. Naturally, everyone will not pay attention.The keywords of nationality and independence also fade in everyone's life.

Even not long ago, Franz ordered the ban on all non-Austrian books and newspapers in the country.

Many people think that this will cause social unrest, but the reality is very face-slapped.Except for some experts and scholars shouting, ordinary people simply don't care.

Nationalism also needs propaganda. The propaganda channels are cut off. Who knows what this is for ordinary people?

Under the pressure of the government, it quickly became an underground idea.It depends on the actual situation if you want to spread it. Since the reform of the education system, young students have stopped playing with them.

After there were no Chinese or Chinese squads, the combat effectiveness of these people was greatly reduced.Stand up against the government?Dare to do this, have already entered, where can there be a chance to wave to the present?

Fick Wenna, a Hungarian writer and one of the representatives of Hungarian nationalism.

It was just that he belonged to the moderates, opposed to all violent revolutions, did not follow Kosut to become independent, and even published articles repeatedly criticizing the atrocities of the revolutionary party.

Such a threat-free existence is naturally not washed away.He was very worried recently, even more so than when the Kingdom of Hungary was split.

For a nationalist, Hungary is acceptable if it is gone, because he does not exclude Austrians, but he ca n’t help it without the Hungarian national language and writing.

Not long ago, the sponsored Hungarian Progress Newspaper was suspended.Despite this small newspaper, the sales volume of each issue has been less than 1,000 copies, which is also the cause for which he struggles.

What is even more difficult for him to accept is that the Hungarian National School established by the Earl of Estefan Szechenyi also included Hungarian in the paid elective courses, not the language of instruction.

Now he was going to fight with the school leaders, and he could not let the count's efforts go down the drain. At this moment, he hated the revolutionary party headed by Kosut.

If it were not for the rebellion of 1848, the Kingdom of Hungary was still the Kingdom of Hungary, and under the leadership of the Earl of Estfan Szechenyi, they could also carry out social reforms and build an ideal Hungarian society.

There is no such thing as history. After the loss of leaders, their group of Hungarian reformists became a mess, and many people were included by the Austrian government.

If there is no accident, it will not take long for Fick Wenner to accept the goodwill of the Austrian government. Now he still wants to work hard again for his dream.

"Principal Principal Engels, why did you cancel Hungarian?" Fick Wenna asked.

Engels explained: "Mr. Fikvenna, you should know that from the beginning of the establishment of the Hungarian National School, it is relying on external donations to maintain, we only charge a small amount of tuition.

The donations we have received in the past two years have been greatly reduced, and the school ’s funding has been in trouble. Since one year ago, the salary of faculty and staff has not been paid on time.

In order for the school to survive, we have to accept the Austrian government's education funding.

According to the regulations of the Austrian Ministry of Education: In schools that receive government funding, the primary and secondary education of Austrian language is the only specialized language."

Explained this way, Engels has already spoken to many people.The actual situation of the school is worse than what he said.

Learning one more language will undoubtedly take up a lot of learning time and affect the performance of other homework. Many parents propose to the school to cancel Hungarian.

Do n’t talk so much, they only care about the entrance examination.The odds of being able to go to college in this era are already low. For the future of the next generation, many people can no longer care about that much.

"Is there no other way?" Fick Wenna asked, frowning.

Engels said with a sigh: "Mr. Fick Wenner, his arms are thighless. After the events of 1848, the Austrian government was very vigilant about nationalism. In the field of culture and education, comprehensively promote integrated education.

This is a national policy formulated by the government. Unless they can be convinced of us again, this kind of suppression will not end. You know this is impossible."

Rebellion, revolution?These things are not new to them, but this is not their strong point.Everyone has a family, who would take risks?

Moreover, unlike in the past, the domestic economy is growing rapidly and the social order is stable, and the people have no incentive to revolution.