Holy Roman Empire

After Alexander II succeeded to the throne, he initiated reforms in the country. In order to win the support of the Poles, the means of rule in the Polish region was eased.

The Tsarist government pardoned Polish political prisoners and allowed the formation of Polish medical schools and agricultural associations in Warsaw.

In 1863, Alexander II restored the Committee on Faith and Public Education, which was cancelled 20 years ago.At the same time, the tsarist government also allowed to convene a meeting of state representatives.(Inquiry nature)

(Remarks: Alexander II's succession time is delayed, and the reform time is also delayed. Many times in the book have changed from history)

These concessions of the Tsarist government satisfied the Polish bourgeoisie and nobles.The convening of the National Congress allows them to have channels to exert influence on domestic politics.

Happiness has always been contrasted. Compared with the reforms of Austria more than a decade ago, the reforms of the Tsarist government were much happier than those of their Galician counterparts.

You should know that during the European Revolution of 1848, the aristocrats and capitalists in the Galician region were too active, so most of them were hacked to death by the rioting farmers, and the remaining half were involved in the rebellion and were treated by the Vienna government. Lost.

Those who survived were either cautious or cautious, or the loyal loyalty of the Habsburgs, who stood firm on the side of the emperor.

There is a lesson to be learned, the nobles and capitalists in Russian Poland have lowered their expectations.In case Sha and the imperial government tear their faces, they believe that the consequences will definitely be more serious.

At least the Vienna government will find a reasonable excuse to do it within the rules, but the tsarist government does not.

Franz is a master of bullying and fear, and most of the people who have personally killed themselves have no foundation and are notorious capitalists.

For the nobles, the land is usually forcibly redeemed, and the title will be deprived only when the circumstances are serious. The matter of destroying the door will never be personal.

The compromise between the Tsarist government and the Poles caused the attention of the governments of Berlin and Vienna, and many worried that this was a prelude to the Russian expansion in Europe.

The Vienna government is just as good. Austria ’s strength is not what it used to be, and there is the Russian-Austrian League. The probability of the Russians ’big actions against Austria is infinite.

The Berlin government will not work. In the eyes of the anti-Russian parties, the compromise between Russia and Poland is closely linked to the plan of the tsarist government to seize universal Polish territory.

It was uncertain when this plan was first formulated.In the first Pudan War, I did not know whether it was intentional or unintentional. The tsarist government leaked out the plan to seize universal Poland.

Because of the existence of this plan, after the unification war in Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia dared not take action and missed the opportunity to annex the North German region.

At that time, the Tsarist government deployed 200,000 troops on the border between the two countries. Nicholas I also specially sent people to encourage Prussia to take action. As a result, the more the Tsarist government encouraged Frederick William IV, the less dare to move.

No way, the credibility of Mao Xiong is too bad.There is also the Russian-Austrian alliance, and the Berlin government fears that once the main force is dispatched, it will be jointly hit by Russia and Austria.

The Vienna government also has a plan to divide Prussia between Russia and Austria. Although it is only a smoke bomb released by Franz, the Berlin government does not dare to gamble.

In the homeland warfare, whether in the face of the Austrian attack or the Russian attack, the Kingdom of Prussia can support for a long time, waiting for the intervention of European countries.

Cross-border warfare is different. The Kingdom of Prussia has not yet exerted the invincible momentum of the next generation. The performance of the first Pudan War made the Berlin government lack of confidence.

After learning of the compromise between the tsarist government and the Poles, the Berlin government immediately began public relations, hoping that the tsarist government would change its position on the Poles.

Prime Minister Frank said to people in private: "I sympathize with the situation of the Poles, but we also have to survive, there is no way to let them die."

His attitude is also the stand of the Prussian government, and he made every effort to undermine the compromise between the tsarist government and the Poles and became the national policy of the Prussian government.

In the mid-1960s, Polish society in the Kingdom of Conferences faced two options.

First, cooperation with the tsarist government can bring some relief to national oppression and some incomplete social reforms.

Second, in cooperation with the Russian Revolutionary Movement, everyone worked hard to overthrow the tsarist government.

Obviously, although the second method can be used to obtain funding from European countries, the success rate of rebellion has never been high. The possibility of becoming a hero is far greater than that of becoming a hero. It is not a choice of the proletariat.

The Polish independence movement organization, unable to obtain the support of nobles and capitalists, they turned to attract workers and peasants.

Under the control of the British, as early as the end of 1862, the Polish Independent Organization signed an agreement with the Russian Revolutionary Organization to jointly oppose the rule of the tsarist government.

The agreement stipulates that once the Polish independent organization launches an uprising, the Russian Revolutionary Organization will provide them with support, and will also launch an uprising in the country at the right time.

After the Czar ’s government compromised Poland in 1863, the Kingdom of Prussia also joined the ranks of supporting independent Polish organizations. They secretly helped Polish independent organizations to train the army, allowing ordinary Polish people to give up their nationality and join the revolutionary organization.

As for the French, another supporter of the Polish Revolutionary Organization, the two sides joined together as early as 1848. The internationalist French once wanted to organize an expeditionary army to help Poland become independent.

The reform of Alexander II also caused concerns between Britain and France.Under the butterfly effect of Franz, the tsarist government won the Near East War and captured Constantinople. The threat of the Russians has increased by more than one grade compared to history.

The Russian Empire, still in the feudal era, was so powerful. If they were to complete the capitalist social reform, would it still be worth it?

The British worry that as Russia continues to grow stronger, they will threaten their position of world hegemony, especially the Indian region will be threatened by the Russians at any time.

The French even regarded the Russians as the biggest obstacle to European hegemony. As for the Austria next door, at least it seems that no Russian can fight.

This is the experience left by the ancestors. No matter how powerful the Habsburg dynasty, France will eventually win.With a sense of superiority cultivated for hundreds of years, Napoleon III decided to engage the Russians first.

The three countries of Britain, France, and France want to engage the Russians. It is best to interrupt Alexander II ’s reform and split the Russian Empire.

Everyone in Europe except Russia recognizes that a split and weak Russia is the best Russia.

After having three supporters of Anglo-French, from 1863 onwards, the power of Polish independent organizations grew rapidly, and finally everyone felt that they were almost ready, and the Polish War of Independence broke out.

This time the Poles are quite confident, and the lineup standing behind them is definitely the most luxurious version in history.

Except for Britain, France, and France, most European countries sympathize with or support Polish independence, even the Russian allies sympathize with Poland.

Specifically, the Polish independent organization raised a million donations of Aegis in Austria without being blocked by the Vienna government.

Behind the backers of Polish independent organizations, Franz is not interested in knowing.Anyway, it was all Russian trouble, and he didn't need to care.

He knew nothing about the plans of the Junker nobles.This is not an incompetence of intelligence organizations, but this kind of thing that has nothing to do with the interests of Austria and is not worth launching as a spy inserted into the Prussian government.

Because of the relationship between the Russian-Austrian alliance, when all countries conspired, they invariably avoided the eyes of Austria.

Eyeliner in the dark, it was buried.Of course, it is impossible to transmit such information. After all, every information transmission is a risk.

From beginning to end, Franz regarded the Polish uprising as an ordinary independent movement.

The support of foreign forces is inevitable. As long as the uprising is launched in the Russian Empire in this era, there will be no lack of selfless sponsorship from international friends.

Franz did not know that Alexander II of St. Petersburg was also unaware.The relationship with the powerful factions in Poland has just been eased, and capitalists and nobles have been drawn in. The rebellion that has broken out naturally has not attracted the attention of the tsarist government.

Almost every time there is a rebellion in the Polish region, the Russians have long been used to it.If there have been no riots in three to five years, then be careful, indicating that the Poles are making big moves.

Under the influence of habit, the tsarist government simply ordered the local government to suppress the rebellion.

The reform of Alexander II has achieved staged results. After the abolition of serfdom, Russian industry and commerce achieved rapid development.

Don't get me wrong, this high-speed development mainly refers to the quantitative increase in industrial production capacity.However, with the increase in industrial production capacity, the quality has not changed much, and it is still at a disadvantage in market competition.

People in the country would rather use expensive imported goods than domestic products.The Russian industrial products of this period had a common problem of stupidity, even if it was not easy to use, the key is that the price is not cheap.

Because of the relationship between domestic transportation, Russia's raw material transportation costs remain high, which in turn leads to excessive production costs.

Trouble is coming, industrial products are made, but unfortunately they cannot be sold in the market.Especially the mechanical equipment is completely unsalable.

Although the Tsarist government has repeatedly raised tariff prices, it is still useless.Some even ridicule the industrial equipment produced in Russia, but still cannot compete with the handicraft industry.

This is an exaggerated statement, no matter how efficient it is than purely artificial.Of course, with the low labor price in Russia and the high defective rate of machinery and equipment, the final cost is really unknown.

In Chekov ’s literary works, he mentioned that the screws produced by the Russian machine tool also need to be manually polished when they are used.

This may not be an exaggeration. In the Japanese-Russian War, certain calibers of the shells were in error, and the soldiers had to grind them before they could be loaded normally.

Weapons in the military are so good, civilian products are perfunctory, and it is even more worthy of mention.In short, Russian commodities in the nineteenth century were crudely endorsements.

The domestic market cannot be sold, and the international market is uninterested.Against this background, the tsarist government decided to use its gun to find an export market for industrial and commercial products.

In the summer of 1864, Alexander II approved the Ministry of the Army's plan to expand in Central Asia, and the Polish uprising that just broke out was ignored.