Holy Roman Empire

There are many types of minerals, and coal, iron and petroleum are the most important.

Russia, Pakistan, China, Australia, Canada and the United States have high iron ore reserves in the seven countries;

Coal mines include China, America, Russia, Asia, Europe, and North America.

Oil distribution is very concentrated, the Middle East, Russia, the United States, China, Mexico and Britain.

...

Franz still remembered this paragraph in the geography class of the previous life clearly. In summary, it is the lack of minerals in Europe.

On the one hand, it is too early to develop, and in the 21st century, many resources are exhausted; on the other hand, mineral reserves are really not much.

With the exception of Russia, all European countries are poorly-mining countries, or have a single distribution of mineral resources.A typical example: Germany, in addition to coal and iron ore, almost everything is missing.

This has envied many countries. The two most basic elements of the industrial era are available. What about the French next door?

In comparison, Austria is considered happy, perhaps because the territory is slightly larger, and basically all mineral resources are available.Only with this reserve, some of them can't get it out.

Of course, this is also a relative sense.Compared with European countries other than Russia, Austria's mineral resources still have an advantage.

These resources laid the foundation for Austria ’s industrial development. By 1870, Austria ’s steel production exceeded the British for the first time, ranking first in the world with an annual output of 6.48 million tons.

Of course, the advantage is not obvious, only surpassing the British 20,000 tons.The main factor contributing to the rapid growth of Austrian steel production is the increase in demand in the domestic market.

A local market of more than 30 million people and a local market of more than 70 million have all completed industrialization, and the demand for steel is obviously greater than the latter.

In fact, this output still cannot meet the market demand. In addition to the local market, the African colony is also a large steel consumer.

According to data provided by the Ministry of Industry, Austria ’s steel demand will double in the next ten years, with steel demand reaching 1.5 million tons.

Seeing this data, Franz had a headache.At present, steel production in the Bohemia region has encountered a bottleneck, and the growth rate of production has slowed down. It is necessary to quickly expand production capacity unless technical innovation is carried out.

However, this is not very realistic. The steel technology has undergone a revolution not long ago, and it is almost impossible to make breakthroughs in the short term.

Although the second iron and steel production base in Bosnia and Herzegovina has developed rapidly, it still has a long way to go to fill this vacancy, and it cannot be reached within ten years.

Most of Austria ’s major steel companies are now concentrated in the Bohemia region (later Czech region), accounting for 63% of the country ’s steel production.

In addition, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Linz, Bavaria, Wurttemberg, Saxony, Galicia, Silesia and other regions are distributed.

The main reasons for this situation are many. The steel plants in Bavaria, Württemberg, and Saxony are left over from history and are not developed due to limited resources.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the industry started too late, and the government is still busy repairing roads. Although the steel companies have settled down, they have been unable to maximize their production capacity due to limited transportation.

Galicia is that the government does not pay enough attention to compete with Bohemia; Silesia is a Prussian pot, they run away the mess left behind, the Vienna government has just finished cleaning up.

Human factors can be overcome, the most troublesome is the distribution of resources.There are many coal mines in Austria, but unfortunately they are not concentrated.

To develop iron and steel enterprises, it is inevitable to move closer to the place of origin of raw materials, which has created a blossoming situation.

In the opinion of Franz, the capitalists have all right choices.Since you want to invest, the main purpose is to make money.If you stay away from the place of origin of the raw materials, the competitiveness of the products cannot be guaranteed.

By now, the concentration of heavy industry is no longer suitable for Austria.The resource supply in every place is limited, and only one million tons of steel raw materials can be provided. You cannot smelt two million tons of steel.

To meet the growing domestic demand, it is inevitable to open a few more industrial bases.In addition to the concentration of resources in Germany, almost every industrial country has multiple industrial bases.

After carefully reviewing the information, Franz made a decision: "This multiple choice question need not be done. Due to domestic developments, the demand for steel will only increase.

To add a heavy industry base today and another heavy industry base tomorrow, it is better to develop at the same time.

Serbia, Silesia, Galicia and other regions have the potential to develop into heavy industrial bases, let's list them together this time!

In other regions, as long as there are coal mines and iron mines at the same time, transportation is relatively convenient, and they can also be developed.

The government formulates corresponding policies, finds ways to solve transportation problems, and the final development is handed over to enterprises and markets."

In this era, governments of various countries have been laissez-faire about industrial development. What the industry develops into is basically determined by the market economy.

The Austrian government's solution to the infrastructure problem is actually an administrative means to interfere in the market economy, but it is relatively obscure.

Looking at Russia next door, you know that as the most resource-rich country in Europe, steel production is less than one-twentieth of Austria.

This is not because the Russian capitalists did not see business opportunities, mainly because the traffic was too pitted.The Tsarist government did not solve the traffic problem and asked them to build roads by themselves. Who dares to do this sale?

After the Tsarist government attached importance to the passing of the agreement, the Russian industry began to develop.Unfortunately, the Russian Empire is too large, and this road is too difficult to repair.

Before the World War I, the Russians only repaired more than 70,000 kilometers, which was already the result of the efforts of successive czars.

Before passing through Franz, he often vomited Russian traffic. After arriving in this world, his ideas changed.

The road of the Russian Empire is really difficult to repair. When building a railway in the Ice and Snow Country, the technical difficulty and construction cost are much higher than those of European countries, but the tsarist government is also a poor ghost.

"Want to build the road first," this sentence is right.However, there is no money for building roads, which is a tragedy.

What is even more tragic is that the Russian railways not only have high construction costs, but also have a much higher maintenance cost than European countries.Even if the railway is repaired, there is no guarantee that it can be opened to traffic throughout the year.

In order to ensure the smoothness of the railway, the railway company had to invest a lot of workers in the winter for maintenance. Many road sections only need a few hours, and the snow will cover the railway.

In this way, the operating costs of the railway will increase, and the freight will naturally increase.Originally cheap industrial raw materials, after thousands of miles of transportation, also became cheap.

It was not surprising that the starting conditions were too late, and that the harsh conditions faced, coupled with the decay of the Tsarist government, did not develop the Russian industry.

Estimate these problems, Alexander II has not thought about it, he is also busy leading the Russian people to open up wasteland.

No, the land reclamation has been going on for almost two years, and now we should worry about how to deal with the newly added food.

If you want to sell food, you must first be able to ship it.Not to mention the food in the Ukrainian region, the grain export of the Russian Empire comes mainly from here.

There is also a way for food in the Moscow region, which can be transported by river.The food in the Caucasus, let's build the road first, without the railway is really a headache.

The most tragic is the Siberian plain, where the Russian people who opened up wasteland are tragic. The harsh weather conditions are not to mention, after all, the patience given by the czar passed away.

The transportation problem is a headache. A river exists. The prerequisite is that your home's land must be along the river's shore, and that the river must be properly navigable.

Fortunately, Alexander II waived the tax on newly reclaimed land, otherwise the tax officials would collapse.If the people have no money in their pockets, they will pay for food with taxes, or not?

Perhaps for the Russian people, this is also a happy worry.There is no need to worry about going hungry anymore. If it is a few years later, everyone's warehouse will be filled with food.

The time is short, and the power of the great wasteland cannot be seen for the time being, but looking at big data Franz knows that Alexander II's reform was half successful.

More food means lower prices. In addition to being able to fill the stomachs of farmers, it can also feed a large number of workers at the lowest cost.

After everyone has eaten enough, the country will be stable.At least for decades, most Russian people will be satisfied.

The only question is whether or not the conservatives can withstand the counterattack and so much land has been newly reclaimed.

After the wasteland was completed, some people jumped out to pick peaches.If the land merger cannot be stopped, then the Russian Empire will still fall into crisis again.

Land mergers are still a future issue, and the biggest problem right now is food sales.If so much food cannot be sold on the international market, then the fun will be great.

This time does not take too long, and next year or the year after, the Russian Empire will have an embarrassment of oversupply of food.

As of now, the Russians have created at least 200 million mu of new arable land, which is almost half the area of ​​arable land in Austria.

Fortunately, the newly developed land of the Russians is relatively poor, and the grain output is relatively low. In many places, only one season of potatoes can be grown.

According to Austria ’s land output standards, this grain output can directly boost the international grain market.

In order to deal with the impact of Russian food on the international market, Austria has begun to destock, and many savvy farmers are preparing to switch to cash crops.

As for the grain processing industry, it is still dominated by Austria.Taking advantage of self-production and sales, it has defeated many competitors in recent years and controlled the terminal pricing of the grain market.

Even if the Russians export grain, most of them are first exported to Austria, after finishing processing, and then sold to European countries.

The near-water tower will get its first month, and this advantage will not change in the short term.Unless the Russians complete industrialization, their own processing industry develops.

This involves the industry again, and wanting to change is not a problem overnight.Take the flour processing industry as an example: the flour produced by Russian enterprises is not only costly but also of poor quality.

Now the flour sold in many cities of the Russian Empire is actually produced in Austria, so you know how competitive Russian products are.

The machinery of this era is not so easy to use. Unlike the noodle mills of the later generations, they are all fool-like operations and can be controlled by anyone.

Today's machinery is all high-tech. Without professional technicians, it is simply impossible to play around. The shortcomings in talent are not so easy to make up for.

It is not so easy to send people to train skilled workers.In this era, many countries exported machinery and equipment, and many mines were buried.

For example, the machinery and equipment exported by Austria, the instructions are all in German, and they may have reached the key places, and they have to be caught in a few local dialects.

Even a professional translator must be able to figure out the meaning.What should I do?Naturally, it is to invite experts. By relying on the export of labor services in the later period, enterprises can make another profit.

If it is a little bit arrogant, it will also ambush in some places, deliberately let the buyer continue to earn post-maintenance fees because of unintentional improper operation.

That's why everyone imports the most advanced equipment in Europe, and they have to go back and forth to prevent manufacturers from making enough money, so don't want to start construction smoothly.

Some unscrupulous merchants sell machinery and equipment at a low price first, inducing buyers to be fooled, and then use their hands and feet on the machinery and equipment to earn huge profits through later maintenance.

If it weren't for these invisible obstacles, in this era of no technical barriers, the industrial production levels of all countries in the world can be brought to a line.

In the entire industry, this is not a secret, and even many buyers know that there may be loopholes in the transaction.

However, they had no choice. This is the tuition fee for the latecomers.If you do not pay now, there will be more in the future.

If you want to directly obtain the industrial technology of the powers, and quickly climb to the world's advanced level, let's wash and sleep!

The powers are not charitable. In order to ensure their technological leadership, deliberately burying nails is only the most routine operation.

Otherwise, this chasing industrial power, as long as you copy the technology of the other party, you can quickly narrow the gap.

How is such a good thing possible?If it were so easy, it would not have been so many years. Both France and Austria were chasers of the British.

If it were not for the second industrial revolution to break out, it is estimated that the advantage of the British could continue for a long time.