I have a little black hole

Laughing with Kuafu, Lei Tiantang finally accepted all the materials that Kuafu prepared for him. After all, this knowledge is a little more, and the real learning is not difficult. If you study hard, it is estimated that It's almost the same in more than a month, but he can't learn this kind of knowledge all the time. After all, there are many things he has to pay attention to.

Take the company's energy consumption problem that Zhao Junxian and he said a few days ago. Although all companies can save a lot of electricity by installing high-performance solar panels, the problem of industrial power consumption is also a problem both domestically and the world. There are big problems in various countries. There are still many power plants that use coal to generate electricity.

Although countries around the world are also actively promoting the construction of nuclear power plants, problems such as large investment, long construction time, and safety are also further obstructing the commercialization of nuclear power.

Therefore, Lei Tiantang will not pay attention to the upgrade and development of nuclear fission power stations. His main goals are all focused on nuclear fusion power stations. Now this field is a hot industry, and countries and companies with global capabilities are moving towards this. In terms of investment, I think that I can start the era of nuclear fusion power generation. It is necessary to know that this industry is breeding business opportunities of 10 trillion dollars!

Unlike nuclear fission, the principle behind the manufacture of atomic bombs, when two light atoms fuse together to form a heavier atom, fusion occurs and energy is generated in the process.This is how stars such as the sun release huge amounts of energy.

The advantage of nuclear fusion is that it will not emit gas harmful to the environment and will not produce nuclear waste, so there will be no accidents such as nuclear power plant meltdown.The direct fuels needed for nuclear fusion (deuterium and tritium) are also easily available.Both can be obtained by electrolyzed water, with significant cost advantages.

Nuclear fusion, that is, when light nuclei (such as deuterium and tritium) combine to form heavier nuclei (such as helium), emits huge amounts of energy.Because chemistry is the science of studying the nature, composition, structure, and change of matter at the molecular and atomic levels, and nuclear fusion occurs at the atomic nucleus level, nuclear fusion is not a chemical change.Today's nuclear fusion has been divided into two areas by scientists.

One is thermonuclear reaction, or fusion reaction of atomic nucleus, which is a promising new energy at present.Light atomic nuclei that participate in nuclear reactions, such as hydrogen (protium), deuterium, tritium, lithium, etc., obtain the necessary kinetic energy from thermal motion to cause fusion reactions (see nuclear fusion).Thermonuclear reaction is the basis of hydrogen bomb explosion, which can generate a large amount of thermal energy in an instant, but it cannot be used yet.

If the thermonuclear reaction can be made within a certain constrained area and controlled and generated according to people's intentions, a controlled thermonuclear reaction can be achieved.This is exactly the major subject of experimental research.Controlled thermonuclear reactions are the basis of fusion reactors.Once a fusion reactor succeeds, it may provide humanity with the cleanest and inexhaustible energy source.

The second is cold nuclear fusion, which refers to: nuclear fusion reactions carried out at relatively low temperatures (even normal temperatures). This situation is a concept proposed for thermonuclear fusion (thermonuclear reactions inside stars) known to exist in nature. 'Assumption', this assumption will greatly reduce the reaction requirements, as long as the extra-nuclear electrons can be freed from the nucleus at a lower temperature, or a high-intensity, high-density magnetic field can be used to block neutrons or let the middle With sub-directional output, more common and simple equipment can be used to generate a controlled cold nuclear fusion reaction, and at the same time make the nuclear reaction safer.

However, cold nuclear fusion is now only a kind of advanced technology in science fiction movies. At present, there are no conditions for research on the earth, so Lei Tiantang's main concern is thermonuclear fusion that everyone in the world is developing.

"Kuafu, sort out and introduce all the information you have collected about nuclear fusion! Let me see the specific situation!" After finishing the discussion on nanorobots, he and Kuafu entered the next project, nuclear fusion. Power generation.

"Boss, there are currently two main nuclear fusion methods used internationally. One is the use of magnetically constrained tokamak devices.

Tokamak is an annular container that uses magnetic confinement to achieve controlled nuclear fusion.Its name Tokamak comes from toroidal, vacuum chamber (kamera), magnet (magnit), coil (kotushka).It was originally invented by Azimovich et al. at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow, Soviet Union in the 1950s.

In the center of Tokamak is a ring-shaped vacuum chamber with a coil wound around it.When power is applied, a huge spiral magnetic field is generated inside the tokamak, which heats the plasma to a very high temperature to achieve the purpose of nuclear fusion.

Although this fusion reaction has been close to success under laboratory conditions, it is still far from reaching industrial applications.To build a tokamak-type nuclear fusion device requires hundreds of billions of dollars.Of course, boss, if you use the ability that I can't understand to make equipment, you certainly don't need such a high price.

Another method to achieve nuclear fusion is the inertial constraint method.Inertial confinement nuclear fusion is to put a few milligrams of a mixed gas or solid of deuterium and tritium into a small ball about a few millimeters in diameter.The laser beam or particle beam is evenly injected from the outside, and the spherical surface evaporates outward due to the absorption of energy. Due to its reaction, the inner layer of the spherical surface is squeezed inward (the reaction force is an inertial force, which restricts the gas, so it is called Inertial constraints).

Just like the jet gas jetting backwards to push the plane forward, the gas in the ball is squeezed and the pressure increases, accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature.When the temperature reaches the required ignition temperature (approximately billions of degrees), the gas in the ball explodes and generates a lot of heat energy.

The duration of this explosion is very short, only a few picoseconds (1 pico is equal to 1 trillionth of a trillion).If three or four such explosions occur every second and continue continuously, the energy released is equivalent to a million-kilowatt power station.

Although it is so simple in principle, the power that can be achieved by the existing laser beam or particle beam is tens of times, or even hundreds of times away from the need, plus various other technical problems, making inertial confinement nuclear fusion It is still hopeless.

Of course, some of the problems here may be solved. At that time, we can have two nuclear fusion reactor models. The specific research plan still needs to be considered by the boss. There is nothing to learn from. I still have no way to design it. of!"

Kuafu briefly introduced the method of nuclear fusion, and he introduced the directory information on the computer that also has many pages.