Super Emperor of the Late Qing Dynasty

You can search for the latest chapters in Baidu for "Super Emperors Search Novels of the Late Qing Dynasty (www.soxscc.com)"!Missile explosion test is divided into air missile explosion, ground missile explosion, underground nuclear warfare and underwater missile explosion test.

This time, of course, China implemented a ground missile explosion test, that is, it exploded in the air closer to the ground.

Although the missile device has only one-tenth of the expected nuclear bomb, the only thing that cannot be underestimated is the process of releasing a large amount of energy in a few microseconds.In order to facilitate the comparison with ordinary explosives, the explosive power of nuclear weapons, that is, the energy released by the explosion, is expressed by the weight of the TNT explosive that releases a considerable amount of energy, called TNT equivalent.

The energy released by the nuclear reaction can raise the temperature of the medium in the reaction zone (also known as the active zone) to tens of millions of Kelvin, and the pressure to billions of atmospheres (1 atmosphere equals 101325 Pa), which becomes a high temperature and high pressure plasma.

The high-temperature and high-pressure plasma generated in the reaction zone radiates X-rays, and simultaneously expands and compresses the projectile body rapidly, so that the entire projectile body also becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma and expands rapidly outward, emitting light radiation, and then forming a shock wave (ie shock wave) ) Spread far away.

In order to test its power, the missile explosion site was set 30 kilometers away from the observation station, and some reinforced concrete buildings were gradually built around it.Vehicles, cattle and horses, even tanks and other things.

These things are placed step by step, and the furthest place is even ten kilometers away.

After the missile device exploded, the high-temperature and high-pressure projectile swelled around and used X-ray radiation to heat the surrounding cold air.The characteristics of hot air absorbing high-temperature radiation make the heated and pressurized hot air mass become a sphere with roughly uniform temperature and sudden changes in temperature and pressure. This hot air mass is called an isothermal fireball.

The fireball emits light radiation on one side, and rapidly expands on the other side, while the temperature and pressure gradually decrease.When the temperature drops to 3000 Kelvin, a shock wave that moves around at a speed of 40-50 km/s is formed, and its front (that is, the front of the fireball) still glows.

After the shock wave is formed, the temperature distribution inside the fireball is low on the surface and gradually rises inward. There is a high temperature core with uniform temperature inside the fireball.When the temperature of the shock wave front drops to slightly higher than 2000 K, the shock wave separates from the fire ball and propagates outwards according to the laws of mechanics, and then the front no longer glows.

After the fireball went out, a rising cloud of smoke formed.The reflection of the shock wave on the ground near the burst center projection point and the negative suction make the ground lift a huge dust column, and the rising dust column connects with the smoke cloud to form a tall mushroom-shaped smoke cloud (referred to as mushroom cloud).

In the explosion energy of the missile explosion, shock waves accounted for about 50%, optical radiation accounted for about 35%, early nuclear radiation accounted for about 5%, the remaining nuclear radiation in radioactive contamination accounted for about 10%, and nuclear electromagnetic pulse only accounted for about 0.1%; It can be seen that his destructive power is mainly concentrated on the impact, of course, if the power of nuclear radiation is ignored, it is not a joke.

In the low-altitude and ground missile explosions, it also manifests as the formation of explosive craters on the surface and the propagation of shock waves to the underground soil and rock media. After the shock waves are attenuated, compression waves and seismic waves are formed; the soil and rock media around the craters are compressed and pushed by the shock waves to produce acceleration and speed. And displacement characterized by strong ground motion.Good novel www.hxs8.com

The main mechanical effect of the shallow explosion in the underground missile explosion is the formation of craters and shock waves in the soil and rock medium. The shock waves decay into compression waves and surface waves, causing strong ground motion; closed explosions mainly form a cavity around the explosion point, and Propagate shock waves, compression waves and seismic waves in the surrounding medium.

Missile explosions are equivalent to killing and destroying human bodies and objects through shock waves, light radiation, early nuclear radiation, nuclear electromagnetic pulses and radioactive pollution.The first four only work within a short period of tens of seconds after the explosion, while the latter can last for tens of days or even longer.Shock waves can destroy ground structures and harm humans and animals.Optical radiation is mainly visible light and infrared, which can burn people’s eyes and skin, burn objects and cause fires.

The fission products in the early stage of the missile explosion emit neutron streams and gamma rays with strong penetrating ability, which can penetrate and damage human bodies and buildings.Fission products, unburned nuclear fuel and elements activated by neutrons will all be condensed into dust particles from a gasification state, which will sink to the ground, causing radioactive contamination of the ground and the air.

The gamma and beta rays he emits are called the residual radiation of the missile explosion and can also cause harm to the human body.The gamma rays emitted by the missile explosion produce Compton scattering on air molecules, and the scattered asymmetric electron flow in the atmosphere stimulates electromagnetic pulses that propagate far away, which can control and operate strategic weapon systems on a large scale and globally. Radio communications constitute interference and threats.

By 1:00 pm on the third day, everything was ready. All irrelevant personnel had been cleared out long ago. Even if it was five kilometers away from the theoretical safe zone, everyone was equipped with protective gear and the phone rang, which was a nuclear explosion. The call from Commander Xu Guangqi was quickly delivered to Wang Guangxu.

"Your Majesty! Everything is ready! Please order!"

There was a strong voice in the middle of the phone.

"let's start!"

Wang Guangxu simply responded and hung up.

"Yes! The countdown begins..."

Xu Guangqi also replied after receiving instructions, but he said the second half of the sentence to the staff around him.

"Ten! Nine! ... Three, two, one, detonation!"

As Xu Guangqi pressed the start button, there was an earth-shattering explosion 30 kilometers away from the command center. As the dazzling light flashed, a huge mushroom cloud rushed into the sky...