Throne of Magical Arcana

Boom boom, Fernando in the study heard a gentle knock on the door.

"So early?" Fernando stared at Lucien with slightly turbid red eyes, suddenly having a subconscious vigilance and alertness to his anomalies.

Lucien lowered his head and smiled: "It was just after the writing of the paper that the sun rose, so I came directly."

"What paper?" Fernando has a more dangerous hunch, this is not from the main star of fate, but the "crystal of wisdom" that has been condensed from the same situation repeatedly. "Is it subversive?"

Lucien thought about it and nodded affirmatively: "Yes, but only from the observation of a large number of experimental results, there is no strict proof, and it will not be ruled out that it will be overturned or covered by other theories containing these observations in the future."

"Take it." Fernando breathed a sigh of relief, so that no subversive theory could blow one's head off until there was no decisive argument.

Lucien took out a paper and handed it over. Fernando looked at the subject and his expression immediately became bad.

"" Interpretation of the Probability of Wave Functions. "He read the title of this paper word by word, and vaguely guessed the content inside. During this time, he has done a lot of electron scattering, diffraction and other experiments seem to be obvious What does Oliver's interpretation of the wave function fail to match some of the experimental results seems to be explaining something.

Turning the paper open, Fernando read it without a word, and the surrounding atmosphere became more and more depressed, as if a substantial storm was about to come.

Suddenly, he didn't finish the paper and raised his head. The countless electro-optical flashes in his red eyes were extremely dangerous. "You mean that the wave function is not a wave in the normal sense, but a probability wave?"

Lucien greeted the teacher's dangerous eyes without fear: "Yes, by observing the results of a large number of experiments, by introducing the content of Chloe statistics in the field of molecular motion, we can describe the wave function in this way. Probability at a certain position in space. "

Fernando seems to be suppressing great anger: "Then it has a definite position on the receiving sensor screen, the probability is 100%!"

There is no doubt that every arcanist has seen the fluorescent spots excited by the electrons emitted on the induction screen. This is a conclusive experimental phenomenon, indicating that the position of the electrons is certain and affirmative.

Lucien can understand the teacher's mood and said seriously: "For example, without knowing the imposed conditions, we threw a coin. In the whole process, we can only say that it may be face up, but when it is After falling to the ground, the result is already determined, and there will be no change. The probability is naturally 100%. We are talking about the electron before observation, not the electron whose result has been determined after observation. "

In this way, Fernando understands better, and his emotions are slightly relaxed. He grasped the point: "Before observation? After observation? Then before we observe, according to your interpretation, electrons may appear anywhere in space, just Some places have a higher probability of appearing? "

He couldn't imagine the existence of electrons at all!

For the coin, Fernando can accept it without hindrance. It is constantly changing on the front and the back, which makes it possible to have different landings. But for the electron, because the wave function describes the spatial position probability, it appears everywhere. Possibly, does it not mean that at the same moment, it may be here or there, it is everywhere?

This is more ridiculous than any magic, incredible!

At least for now, no magician can create this kind of magic and let himself exist in a similar state except the unknown god level.

Lucien made a metaphor: "Before observation, the electron is like an illusory cloud without substance. It is diffused in space and is everywhere. It is all possible superposition states. Among them, the thicker part is that it appears. The location with higher probability does not mean that it will appear here after observation. "

"Before observation, electrons are things that we cannot imagine. They are contradictory and unified monsters with wave-particle duality. Therefore, we cannot imagine its state with the original concept. This is meaningless. We can only learn from what we can Strict verification of experimental results to describe. "

Fernando closed his lips tightly, as if he just roared.

Lucien further said: "Actually, you should have observed through the magic experiment. When we improve the magic array and reduce the number of electrons emitted at one time, we can see that the first thing that appears is not the diffraction image, but the disorder. With the increase in the number of electrons, the electron-sensing light spot gradually forms a diffraction image. Why? "

"This is because it is impossible to know exactly where a single electron appears after diffraction. It is a probability. We can only describe that it may appear larger here, so a small number of electrons will appear in a messy state, but after the number is sufficient, the whole It conforms to the probability distribution. In some places, there are many electrons, and in some places there are few electrons, so the light and dark are mixed, and a diffraction image appears. "

"It's like when tossing a coin seven or eight times, we can't accurately guess how many times the coin is facing up, but when the number of tossing the coin reaches hundreds, thousands, or tens of thousands, the number of times that the coin is facing up should be half about!"

"If we could one day improve the magic circle to only emit one electron at a time, then things would be clearer."

"Probability, probability!" Fernando's expression was a bit distorted, as if to eat probability.

He does not need Lucien to explain to himself the common sense of probability. This is one of the fields he knows best and is good at as the authority of thermodynamics. At this time, the electron diffraction experiment he has done since this time appears in his mind. Sean said that before the number of electrons is not enough, the light spots are chaotic.

This clear picture caused his hands to tremble slightly, and the violent wind around him blew the paper in the study room: "Before observation, is the probability cloud of electrons diffused in space? After observation, it is certain The matter in place? What happened in the middle? "

Lucien turned a blind eye to the gusty wind and calmed down like a death sentence: "The wave function collapsed, and the diffuse probability cloud collapsed into a small point with a fixed position. Observation caused the wave function to collapse. Before observation, the electron is What form is irrelevant to us and has no meaning! "

"Observation caused the wave function to collapse?" Pa, a flash of lightning illuminated the study room and destroyed a statue. Fernando stood up sharply and looked at Lucien violently. "Our observation changed the electron to change its shape?"

Lucien nodded: "Teacher, what is the basis of our observation? Seeing things is because of the reflected light and hearing the sound, because of the oscillating ripples of the air, and in the microscopic field, even the slightest observation means, Like photons, it will also disturb the electrons, that is, our observation of microscopic particles will inevitably lead to changes in it. "

"Interaction of microscopic particles?" Fernando's complexion was slightly better, and he probably understood why the observation caused the wave function to collapse. As for the "probability cloud", which was incomprehensible and unimaginable, he decided to ignore it for the time being. The core of Lucien ’s interpretation of probability, “In the activity of coin tossing, we can strictly predict the outcome of each time by knowing various external conditions, so it is not a true probability, but a pseudo-probability. The initial state strictly and uniquely determines the final result, which is the basis of the galaxy and the basis of the entire arcane and magic! "

"The probabilities exhibited by electrons are also pseudo-probabilities, influenced by external conditions that we have not yet discovered?"

His voice trembled faintly, and more and more signs of storms about to begin in his study.

Lucien shook his head firmly: "At least there is no phenomenon that shows the influence of external conditions. We can only say for the time being that the probability wave is the essential attribute of electrons, the intrinsic nature!"

"You say it again!" Fernando finally roared, and thunder and thunder appeared, creating an apocalyptic scene in the study.

The reason why arcane and magic is fascinating, exploring the real world The reason why generations of magicians and arcanists pay youth, talent and life is because they believe that the world has an essential law, and everything is governed by this law Strictly running, such as the sun rising and falling, such as celestial bodies running, such as wind and rain, such as biological growth, such as elemental reactions, such as mysteries of matter, such as atomic structure, and as long as you understand the laws of nature, you can be practical Master them!

But now, Lucien's interpretation of probability seems to be laughing at this exploration, because the essential law of the world is actually "probability"?Even if you understand the laws of the world and reach the limit of life, you can only predict the largest possible occurrence of electrons here, and you cannot accurately describe where it will appear.

This negates the basis of galaxies' predictions!It also negates the basis for exploring arcane and magic in the laws of the world!

Lucian pointed at the thesis and solemnly looked at the roaring teacher. Due to the crackling of lightning, he naturally inspired the elemental skin: "There is a relevant exposition in the thesis."

Fernando lowered his head and saw a section of the paper:

"In the past, all of us believed that as long as we know all the current factors, we can strictly deduce or determine the outcome of things. What are the reasons and the outcome, and such a process is reversible, and That is to say, there are different reasons for the results. Arcanists call this determinism, the law of cause and effect. "

"I like a stricter definition. The true causal law is the causal law on the timeline. The cause must be before the result, so the previous generalized causal law is best called determinism."

"Now, what I want to explain is that maybe there is a problem with determinism here, and some processes are probabilistic and irreversible ..."

"A problem with determinism? A problem with the law of cause and effect?" Fernando's eyes looked at Lucien with storm in his eyes, and he roared in thunder. "You tell me, is the sun's trajectory a probability?"

Bang!

"You tell me, is our own existence a probability?"

Bang!

"You tell me, even if we have built a magical spell model in the soul and fully grasped every detail of it, and the mental power is in a sufficient state, the process of casting magic is also a process of fighting probabilities?"

"Ridiculous! Absurd!"

Rumble!

Amidst thunder and lightning, there is a vast universe behind Lucien. The planet inside is composed of protons and neutrons of different colors, and the satellites surrounding them are scattered in space and are everywhere. , But when you look closely, they are sure to be at a point.

Rumble!

Thunder and hell are intertwined with the atomic universe, and Lucian looks at her teacher Fernando without looking back, solemnly and solemnly:

"At least in the microscopic field, determinism must die!"

Slap, a thick lightning struck the study window and spread to the sky outside.